Chivalry
There was no such thing as a “uniform” code of chivalry in the Middle Ages. Many people — from successful knights to contemplative philosophers — compiled lists of virtuous qualities, called the “knightly virtues,” which they felt defined chivalry.
| Courage |
Be brave in the face of danger, undertake tasks which are difficult, tedious or unglamorous, and to graciously accept the sacrifices involved. |
| Justice |
Be fair in judgement, hold yourself to the highest standard of behavior |
Largesse
(Generosity) |
Be generous, not just giving away material goods, but also time, attention, wisdom and energy — the things that create a strong, rich and diverse community. |
| Faith |
Stick to what you believe in, trust and integrity, staying true to your word |
| Nobility |
Set a good example, upholding your convictions |
| Mercy |
Create a sense of peace and community, rather than engendering hostility and antagonism. |
| Humility |
Do not flaunt your talents |
| Loyalty |
Stay true to others |
| Franchise |
Always do your best |
| Prowess |
Be skillful at what you do |
Historical Accounts
Selections from Froissart’s Chronicles
Eyewitness accouts of battles, tournaments and “acts of chivalry” from the wars between England and France in the later half of the 14th century — which would later become known as the Hundred Years War.
King Renee of Anjou’s Tournament Book
A description of the rules of the lists, and the art and pagentry of a real medieval tournament of the mid-15th century.
In Praise of the New Knighthood by St. Bernard of Clairvaux
This treatise (essay) was written in the early 12th century by Bernard of Clairvaux for Hugh de Payens, founder of the Knights Templar. It is both a statement about knighthood as it was seen in this period, and an advertisement to the knights of Europe to take up the Cross. It is an insightful look at why knights went on Crusade.
Medieval Literature
Le Morte D’Arthur and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Arthurian legend did much to shape the understanding of chivalry in the Middle Ages. These books are a look into the culture of knighthood and tournaments of the 13th and 14th centuries.
The Lais of Marie de France
A cycle of early 12th century poems about the exploits of the knights of King Arthur.